Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Abortion Controversy Essay - 1423 Words

The controversy within the biomedical ethics topic, abortion, has two main proponents. The first is the view against abortion, also known as pro-life. The other view is rooted upon the belief of being pro-choice, or basically for abortions. These two different views are like two mathematical principles, in that although these two views have many differences, they also have larger similarities in the background. For example, when pro-choice activists support abortions due to unwanted pregnancies, the activists are not rallying behind the idea of sexual incompetency (pregnancies due to lack of birth control). Rather, they are supporting the idea that women have the right to choose what to do with their own bodies. In order to understand†¦show more content†¦They believe that through love, and guidance anyone with any form of deformity or disease, can lead a normal life. The cases pertaining to rape also have different anti-abortionists views. Many anti-abortionists believe tha t the child can actually help the mother get through the turbulent times in her life, by providing each other with a loving environment. Finally, in the case of economics, the pro-life activists believe that having an abortion due to financial reasons is ridiculous. Because, it doesn’t mean that the child will have a life full of isolation and depression. The pro-life activists argue that there are also numerous welfare programs for such families. However, the pro-choice or the activists for abortions, argue that if a family is in a state of financial trouble, then abortion should be a practical option. Otherwise, the child would be born into a life of suffering, and inadequate living conditions. The pro-choice believers, bases their beliefs, upon the fact that having an abortion is the inalienable right of women. They believe that by outlawing abortions, women aren’t allowed to practice their freedom of privacy. In a way, women are being denied their constitutional rights. Many pro-choice activists also state that abortion is justifiable, because at the time of fertilization the ensuing embryo is not yet a human being. It is not a human being, but a potential one. Therefore, its death does not constitute a murder. Pro-choice activists’Show MoreRelatedThe Abortion Controversy1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Abortion Controversy† Many outsiders see the United States as a place of peace and harmony. But for those who live within it, know that it is the complete opposite. The United States has numerous amounts of worldwide problems from the economy to obesity to even pollution. Although some are more important than others doesn’t mean the small issues should go unnoticed. Abortion, the termination of pregnancy is considered a problem by many but also reflected as nonfactorRead MoreLegalization of Abortion: A Controversy2153 Words   |  9 PagesAbortion Should abortion be legalized? Part One: Introduction and Thesis Abortion is the termination to a pregnancy after the baby has been conceived. It basically involves the woman putting an end to her underdeveloped embryo or the fetus. This may be done at different stages of the pregnancy and may be done for various reasons. The controversy exists between whether or not this is ethical and whether it should be legalized. Some countries allow the woman to put an end to her pregnancy withRead MoreThe Debate Over The Controversy Of Abortion1600 Words   |  7 PagesWhen taking the emotional aspect out of the abortion argument, what premise would most support individual liberty? The debate over the controversy of abortion continues because of its frequency of occurrence, and the cultural, legal and religious status that varies extensively in different parts of the United States. While the emotional arguments regarding abortion can be compelling, but should have no bearing in the legal discussion, the individuals’ rights to life and liberty shou ld be held aboveRead MoreThe Controversies Regarding Abortion798 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion With the subject of abortion, it seems that no consensus will ever be reached. Those who argue in favor of choice will never see from the perspective of the pro-lifers and vice versa. The major difference is that those who are pro-choice have never been responsible for the deaths of the opposition. Before the Roe v. Wade case made abortion legal in this country, abortions were unlawful in the United States. Anyone who needed or wanted an abortion for any reason, physical or emotional, wouldRead MoreThe Debate Controversy Over Abortion Essay1812 Words   |  8 PagesControversy On Abortion Since technology has developed rapidly over the last several years, many endless controversies have broken out in America. One particular controversy that has become a continuous issue in America is abortion. Over the last decade the controversy over abortion has become a dividing conversation in America. The introduction to this paper is to discuss the controversy of abortion and its connection between individual rights and government control. Several people believe abortionRead MoreControversy of Abortions Essay example547 Words   |  3 PagesControversy of Abortions The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial and sensitive for the society and myself. The debates and confrontations between two opposite groups of opinion are long and sometimes even brutal. Both sides have strong supporting arguments: pro-lifers base on moral principals, which is life before birth, while pro-choicers defend political and social rights, such as right to privacy and right of choice. Neither side can be absolutely right or wrong; basicallyRead MorePro And Anti Abortion Controversy4704 Words   |  19 Pagespro and anti abortion Controversy 1970-1990 In the photo to the Left we can see women marching in protest for REPEAL, these women are Pro-Choice and wanted to change the Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act. In the photo to the Right we can see Pro-Lifers marching in the ‘Rally for Life’ with banners protesting to abortion. Leading up to the Controversy Leading up to the Controversy in the 70s and 80s - An introduction to where it all Began Before the abortion debates in the 70s to 80sRead More Abortion Controversy Essays2467 Words   |  10 PagesThe Abortion Issue Introduction Abortion has been a very controversial subject over these past few decades. Every time you pick up a paper or magazine it seems there is always some protest regarding abortion, whether it be for fetal rights or womens rights. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica the definition of abortion is the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it has reached the stage of viability (in human beings, usually about the 20th week of gestation). An abortion may occurRead More The Controversy Over Abortion Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesThe Controversy Over Abortion One of the most controversial topics over the years, and still today, is abortion. Is abortion murder or not? When does a fetus become a human? There are no answers to these questions. Everyone individual has their own beliefs on whether or not abortion is justifiable. Abortions have been performed throughout many of centuries. Recently, there has been a number of court cases that has changed the legality of abortions, especially in the United States, for exampleRead More A Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy Essay3888 Words   |  16 PagesA Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy One of the most hotly contested issues inside and outside of biomedical ethics today is abortion. The discussion received a new impetus at the release of the controversial abortion drug RU-486, a pill to increase access to abortions and let women get them privately from their own doctor instead of facing shouting protesters at clinics.2 As is the case with all controversial issues, there are very passionate people on both sides of the fence. Unfortunately

Friday, December 20, 2019

Tobacco Product Should Be Banned - 1413 Words

Tobacco Product should be banned According to World health organization –WHO (2014), tobacco keeps on killing 6,000,000 every year globally. Tobacco practice has been going on from ancient times. In ancient time, tobacco was used for smoking and chewing just as it today. But, now it’s time to stop this practice. Because today not only people are dying due to consumption of tobacco products, but also they are suffering from very serious diseases caused by it. Besides it is also carry great risk and annoying to non-smoker. In addition to serious health issue, it exerts financially toll on federal and affect the individual’s family. It is also one of the main cause to pollute the environment. While there are some obstacle to sell tobacco product such as cigarette which generate a large tax revenue, increases the GDP- Gross domestic product and many people which are associated with tobacco business but at the end consumers has to suffer from its life taking results. Due to those reasons tobacco product should be banned. Tobacco product is considered a potential hazard for health. According to Surgeon General’s Report (2014), more than 480,000 people die every year any many more suffer from dangerous diseases due to smoking, in United States of America itself. Additionally, many people are dying because of tobacco than Human immune deficiency virus (HIV), Illegal drug and Alcohol use, car accident, and Firearm-related incidents combined (Center for Diseases and ControlShow MoreRelatedTobacco Products Should Be Banned1905 Words   |  8 PagesTobacco products have been used for chewing and smoking in the North American continent for over a thousand years. Tobacco products have been a part of United Stated history since its colonization. However, although tobacco products have been used for centuries there have been studies done in more recent years that have linked tobacco products to widespread health problems. This has caused controversy in the world today on whether or not tobacco product s should be banned in this country. There areRead Moreâ€Å"Cigarettes† A Death Product of Tobacco Industry should be Banned1544 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cigarettes† A Death Product of Tobacco Industry should be Banned In the present age smoking cigarettes has emerged out as a fashion, especially in our teenagers. Quiet often, a boy or a girl can be seen puffing around on streets proudly. Their parents try their best to refrain them, yet all in vain. They are unaware of the possibility that most will find it very hard to give up this addiction. Alike the young, adults smoke far too often for a reasonable human being, indifferent to the consequencesRead MoreSmoking Tobacco Is The Leading Cause Of Death Worldwide880 Words   |  4 Pagesrespiratory issues than nonsmokers. Tobacco products such as, snuff and chewing tobacco also contribute to similar health issues and risk. The idea of banning smoking and tobacco products is great because it could prevent millions of deaths yearly. There are many different negative side effects that come along with the use and smoking of tobacco. Smoking tobacco is often referred to as a â€Å"slow death†, because it shortens a person’s life expectancy. The use of tobacco often leads to many differentRead MoreBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA800 Words   |  4 PagesBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA In 2004 the government of India banned tobacco companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreEthical Considerations : Ban Tobacco985 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Considerations: On the one hand, was tobacco, the most dangerous consumer product known, which killed when used as the makers intended. Just like most dangerous substances like cocaine were banned so from the ethical point of view it was not alien for the government of India to ban tobacco. Therefore from an ethical standpoint, the Government had to discourage the habit, as it was responsible for the welfare of its citizens. In view of international precedents and statistics the ban wasRead MoreBanning Tobacco Advertising Ban On The Public Health Of Their People976 Words   |  4 PagesIn February 6, 2001, the Government of India announce their plan to soon pass a bill banning Tobacco companies from displaying any source of advertising or sponsoring any public events. The advertising ban took effect from May 1, 2004. In October 2, 2005, the Government of India prohibited any new programs or movies from showing any actors or actresses smoking as it glorifies smoking and sends a bad message to its viewers. According to a CNN article written by Leo Juarez, some actors seem to supportRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1444 Words   |  6 Pages Tobacco has been around in the world for over 2.5 million years. It was not until a few hundred years ago when the tobacco industry decided to put these crops into use and conjure up tobacco products for the community. A popular tobacco product in soci ety is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recently when cigarettes became widely controversialRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1400 Words   |  6 PagesShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.? Tobacco has been around in the world for over 2.5 million years. It was not until a few hundred years ago when the tobacco industry decided to put these crops into use and conjure up tobacco products for the community. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recentlyRead MoreBan Banning Should Not Be Banned981 Words   |  4 Pagesthat should not only be avoided, but also banned. In India specifically, a country that is renowned for its high use of tobacco production and use, the idea of smoking has become a national crisis. With tobacco companies trying to push for freedom of speech† with advertisements, and the government attempting to assume a sense of responsibility, it seems almost impossible to find a solution that can encompass all perspectives. Pro-banning arguments Many feel that the Indian government should be allowedRead MoreNon Smoker Policy1028 Words   |  5 PagesTo: Senior Policy Maker From: Shirley Kyere Subject: Tennessee’s Non Smoker Protection Act Date: November 12, 2017 Policy Background In 2007, Tennessee, one of the largest tobacco-producing state in the United States endorsed the Non-Smoker Protection Act (NSPA) that banned smoking in enclosed areas in Tennessee with some exceptions (â€Å"Information for Employers†, n.d.). The law went into effect on June 11, 2007 and municipalities had to observe it no longer than October 1, 2007. This law was enforced

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Managerial Economics Models of Duopoly Pertaining

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Economics for Models of Duopoly Pertaining. Answer: Introduction Markets are everywhere and lie at the heart of all economic activities. These markets differ from each other in respect of their structure, level of competition and their response to competition. Hence, an understanding of market structures is of immense importance for businesses to operate effectively in the industry. This understanding helps them to identify the characteristics of firms, degree of existing competition, number of buyers and sellers, type of product, capacity of a firm to influence other firms in the industry and other similar aspects related to market in which the firm operates. This further helps in identification of optimal price, output and level of promotion or differentiation required to stay profitable in a particular industry. Throughout the lifetime of any business organization, it is attached to one or the other market structure and its product, price, output and other factors are influenced by the market structure. The commonly identified market structures are monopoly, duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. The following essay discusses various aspects of these market structures in context of different industries of Australia along with highlighting their distinct features and identifying the industries with these market structures. Market structures in Australia Market structure refers to level of competition available in the market for particular goods and service. Market structure includes product as well as service sector and it identifies competitors available in particular market. It includes the condition of entry and exit of new buyer and seller for dealing. Market structure includes various forms of market such as monopoly, duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. These markets have different features and market strategy to deal with customer. Market structure helps to determine different market strategies and policies of the firms to stay in this competitive market. Monopoly market can defined as availability of single seller with huge number of customer without having any close substitute (Waschik, Fisher and Prentice, 2010). Duopoly is similar as oligopoly, which refers to availability of two independent firms in market without any agreement. Duopoly has effect in market as similar as monopoly that includes changing the price of product according to customer demand. However, under duopoly, there are two independent sellers of a similar product as compared to single seller in case of monopoly (Free, 2010). Oligopoly refers to market condition that includes few firms that sell homogonous product in market. In this market, it is not easy to identify the number of competitive firms in the industry because there are few firms available in the market and the act of these firms can affect the performance of other firms (Free, 2010). Monopolistic market structure is the most different of all the structures and is characterized by high number of buyers and sellers in the industry. Hence, any single firm cannot control the production of the firm as well as substitute of product. These markets differ not only in context of number of buyers and sellers, but also in context of the product that they provide, the prices they charge and marketing strategies that they adopt to lure customers. As monopoly is the only seller of a particular product, its product is highly homogeneous, prices are generally high and the seller hardly uses advertising strategies to lure customers. Hence, monopoly is the price maker (Waschik, Fisher and Prentice, 2010). Duopoly, on the contrary, affects consumers purchasing power as consumers purchase the product at high price due to high competition between these firms. However, firms under duopoly provide more or less homogenous products, indulge in price wars and have loyal customers (Free, 2010). In oligopoly market, firms can produce either differentiated heterogeneous products. Further, perfect oligopoly can occur with availability of industrial goods and imperfect oligopoly can occur due to availability of customer goods. At the time of production, these firms have the power for setting the price of goods and service. It provides different product at different price to the society. These firms have certain barrier in the entry of new firms in industry. Finally, monopolistic structure is highest degree of imperfect competition where sellers try to gain market share by providing highly differentiated products, using different promotional tactics and differentiated price levels. Any single firm cannot control the production of the firm as well as substitute of product, entry and exit is easy and the firms have to provide products as competitive prices (Hubbard et al., 2014). In context of Australia, all these market structures can be found in different industries. For example, Australia Post reflects a monopoly market structure. It is single supplier of posts and does not allow private enterprises for supply of postal from post office box (Carmody, 2015). Australias telecommunication and airline industries are example of duopoly market structure with Telstra and Optus in telecom industry and Virgin, and Qantas in airline industry (Ramli, 2015). The Australian retail/supermarket and banking industry faces an oligopoly market structure (Dagge, 2015). In supermarket retail segment, Woolworth and Coles are market leaders with 70-80% market share and other retailers like Aldi are followers (Ramli, 2015). In Australia, fast-food/restaurant industry has the condition of monopolistic competition where firms like McDonalds, Burger King and Subway provide highly differentiated products such as burger, sandwich, pizza and many more at competitive prices (Hubbard et al., 2014). Moreover, they also indulge in intense promotion and marketing strategies to capture market share. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Australian industry has high competition in the market that depend on the market structure such as monopoly, duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. In Australian market, Australia post has the situation of monopoly that have the barrier for private postal company to supply of postal from post office box. Further, duopoly market is found in telecom and airline industry. In addition, Coles and Woolworth have the oligopoly market condition in Australian retail market and finally fast food/restaurant industry in Australia has the condition of monopolistic competition that includes market players like McDonalds, Burger King, Subway and many others. References Carmody, B. (2015) Australia Post is hurting small businesses with PO Box monopoly, says delivery company Sendle, Smart Company. [Online]. Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/growth/49035-australia-post-hurting-small-businesses-with-po-box-monopoly-says-delivery-company-sendle/ (Accessed: 14 December 2016). Dagge, J. (2015) Study finds Australian monopolies have better results, Herald Sun. [Online]. Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/study-finds-australian-monopolies-have-better-results/news-story/83436800178abede28b01f82135a5da5 (Accessed: 16 December 2016). Free, R. C. (2010) 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook, Volume . UK: SAGE. Hubbard, R., Garnett, A., Lewis, P. and OBrien, A. (2014) Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia. Ramli, D. (2015) Australia's phone and internet market could become duopoly, says Optus chief, The Sydney Morning Herald. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/australias-phone-and-internet-market-could-become-duopoly-says-optus-chief-20150604-ghgm5b.html (Accessed: 15 December 2016). Waschik. R., Fisher,T. and Prentice, D. (2010) Managerial Economics, Second Edition: A Strategic Approach. George: Routledge. ED (2016) Models of Duopoly Pertaining to Price Output Decisions. [Online]. Available at: https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/duopoly/models-of-duopoly-pertaining-to-price-output-decisions/3793 (Accessed: 17 December 2016). Layton, A.P., Robinson, T.J.C., and Tucker, I.B. (2011) Economics for Today. USA: Cengage Learning. TM (2016) Game Theory of Oligopolistic Pricing Strategies. [Online]. Available at: https://thismatter.com/economics/oligopoly-game-theory.htm

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Organization Learning and Development Ability

Question: Discuss about the Organization Learning and Development Ability. Answer: Introduction: Volunteering in the society is a valuable activity that provides support in increasing skill, confidence and engagement ability of the people. It also helped to create positive impact on the social empowerment perspective. Volunteering reflects a process that utilizes different members of the society within a particular area for the fulfilment of several social requirements. Effective utilization of volunteering technique allows all members of the community to have equal opportunity to live their lives in an appropriate manner. Now, performing all the responsibilities of the volunteer requires sufficient level of skills and knowledge. Otherwise it will be very difficult for the volunteers to fulfil all the objectives of the charity organization. In this report, the focus will be New2U Thrift Shop, which is an additional initiative of Singapore Council of Womens Organization to provide assistance to people living below the poverty line. The focus organization sells books, pre-loved cl othing, households, ornaments and other accessories at a very cheap rate so that it can able to support for the poor families in an appropriate way. The entire operational process of the focus organization is handled by the volunteers. Therefore, it is necessary for New2U Thrift Shop to provide effective training program to all the volunteers in order to fulfil all the objectives of the organization in an appropriate way. For that reason, New2U Thrift Shop has focused on implementation of several strategies so that it can able to provide desired level of assistance to the families living below the poverty line. Exploring the principles of the focus organization: As per the article by Salas et al. (2012), proper evaluation of the organizational principles is necessary for providing effective training to the volunteers. For that reason, it is necessary for the New2U Thrift Shop to include different strategies so that it can able to cover all the business principles in an effective manner. Now, the focus organization has made conscious effort in providing assistance to the people below the poverty line. Therefore, it has implemented several types of strategies in order to identify people living below the poverty line effectively so that the prime objectives of the organization can be fulfilled. For that reason, New2U Thrift Shop will have to select trainer with sufficient educational and work experience in providing assistance to the poor. Mission and vision: The mission statement of New2U Thrift Shop is focused towards identifying people who requires immediate help to live their daily life. For that reason, volunteers will have to be extremely conscious in identifying people at the time of selling any products. Furthermore, the focus organization business objective was not to purchase any products for selling in the market. In fact, it focuses on the identification of the effective donors who are willing provide necessary elements to the organization. Therefore, the training facility of the organization also will have to focus towards the effective evaluation of number of families living below the poverty line. The vision of the focus organization also has included effective utilization of quality services so that people living below the poverty line does not have to face any type of ethical issues at the time of purchasing products. Thus, New2U Thrift Shop will also have to focus on providing training on the behavioural aspect so that i t does not have to face any ethical issues. Training is also necessary for the volunteers so that they do not diversify people on the basis of caste and region. In fact, effective training will have to be provided to the volunteers for the proper management of the indigenous people living below the poverty line. Influence of PESTEL factors in providing effective training opportunities to the volunteer staffs: As per the article by Dalhoeven, van Vianen and DePater (2016) proper evaluation of the PESTEL factors are key for effective utilization of training opportunities for the volunteer staffs. For instance, political factors will influence the way people below the poverty line will have to be managed by the focus organization. In fact, people below the poverty line are one of the major issues that political parties utilize in order to gain popularity in the community. Thus, effective utilization of training procedure is necessary so that volunteers can able to handle them in an appropriate manner. Now, people below the poverty line actually create adverse impact on the economical condition of the society (Gray et al. 2013). Therefore, government always tries to provide necessary support services so that they can able to lead their life in an appropriate way. On the other hand, the focus organization has started to utilize several types of innovative technologies in order to fulfil the or ganizational requirements in an appropriate way. Therefore, it has become essential for the organization to provide effective training facilities to the volunteers so that they do not have to face any types of challenges in using provided advance technology of the organization. In case of environmental factor, both internal and external environment of the focused organization will have to assessed in an effective manner so that training facilities can able to create maximum amount of impact. Now, the focused organization is an extension of Singapore Women council, which will allow the organization to maintain effective structure (Sung and Choi 2014). Thus, volunteered will have to trained so that they can able to understand the internal structure of the organization appropriately, which will create positive impact on the overall performance level. Singapore government has implemented different types of legislative rules and regulations so that charity organizations can able to provi de support to the concerned personnel in an effective manner (IBRAHIM 2016). Thus, training session will also have to include providing proper guidance to maintain all the legislative rules and regulations in an effective way. Cost associated with the effective training and development procedure: The above analysis has highlighted the fact that concerned trainer will have to sub-divided the entire training process in different sub-parts so that it can able to cover all possible aspects of the requirements in an effective manner (Moser 2012). For instance, at the initial step, training will have to provided on the way to introduce itself to the possible customers. This is extremely important, as effective introduction can influence the entire communication process. Furthermore, as the focus organization does not sells all the products collected from donation, volunteer training will have to developed in such a way so that volunteers can able to influence potential donors to donate more on helping people living below the poverty line. Furthermore, the focus organization often utilizes different types of events and promotional campaigns so that it can able to influence customers in an effective way. Therefore, training will also have to be provided on effective utilization of th e events and promotional campaigns so that the organization can able to fulfil all the requirements in an effective way (Ford 2014). Thus, the entire training process will require two weeks timeframe, which will cost around $5000 for the organization. Thus, initially the focus organization will have to focus on the gathering effective financial support from the women council so that the training program can be conducted in an effective way. However, effective utilization of training procedure will add value to the organization in fulfilling all the aims and objectives in an appropriate way. Analysis: As per the article by Noe et al. (2014), effective utilization of training procedures require proper support for each of the volunteers. Thus, New2U Thrift Shop will have to develop training procedure in such a way so that it can able to fulfil all the requirements of each individual. For instance, if a particular volunteer requires assistance in managing the customers effectively, training will have to focused more client management perspectives. On the other hand, Ji et al. (2012) have highlighted that it is necessary for any training process to include practical experiences, as it will help volunteers to understand the situation in a much more effective way. Therefore, trainer will have to influence volunteers to handle any particular situation, so that it can able to boost up their confidence level. Now, trainer will also have to evaluate present level of knowledge and skills of each employee, as it will help to develop an idea regarding the potential of the volunteers. Now, New2 U Thrift Shop will have to fulfil different types of requirement in order to fulfil all the objectives of the operational process. Therefore, effective evaluation of the knowledge and skill level of the employee will help the organization to divide the entire responsibilities in a much more effective way. Thus, trainer will have to develop each volunteer for specific responsibilities, which will fulfil the prime objective of the training procedure. Now, New2U Thrift Shop depends on donors for the collection of products that later has been sell to people living below the poverty line. Therefore, volunteers will have to implement specific techniques in order to convince people to donate for the betterment of the community (Jehanzeb and Bashir 2013). Thus, trainer will have to test convincing power of the volunteers for the role of convincing people to donate for the poor living below the poverty line. Thus, the entire training process will have to be divided under different sections as per the role of the volunteers (Sangvigit, Mungsing and Theeraroungchaisri 2012). For that reason, trainer will have to conduct different sessions for different volunteers in order to fulfil organizational objectives in an effective manner. In fact, trainer will have to provide continues focus on the perf ormance level of the volunteers after the completion of the training program. This continues evaluation process will help trainer to evaluate the kind impact that training program has able to create on the performance level of the employees (Abdullah et al. 2014). It will also help to evaluate the necessary areas that a particular volunteer needs to improve so that the efficiency level of the operational process can be fulfilled in an appropriate manner. Design: In order to design effective training program, the focus organization will try to utilize four distinctive learning styles provided by Honey and Mumford Learning Styles. As highlighted by Torraco (2016) Honey and Mumford Learning Styles is primarily developed on the basis Kolb theory, which focuses on the effective implementation of training procedure. Now, as the focus organization only trying to include only volunteers for the fulfilment of organizational responsibilities, Honey and Mumford Learning Styles will help to develop individual perspectives regarding the provided responsibilities. The theory has provided four systematic steps so that the prime objective of the training program can be fulfilled in an effective manner. Thus, trainer of New2U Thrift Shop will also have focus on these steps including planning, experiencing, reviewing and conducting so that all the volunteers can able to necessary support from the training program (Jha 2016). Planning process reflects pragmati st learning style where trainer need to evaluate the best possible way to conduct the entire training process so that it can able to fulfil requirements of the organization. Thus, in this step, trainer needs to conducts several types of experiment in order to identify the best possible method for providing effective training to the volunteers. The planning process will have to be evaluated based on the kind of difficulties or problems that volunteers will have to face in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. In the next step, trainer will have to focus on the implementation of the selected strategies from the previous steps. Thus, the step will utilize activist learning style where volunteers will be put into several situations so that they can able to gain practical knowledge (Elnaga and Imran 2013). For that reason, in this step, training procedure will include activities like problem solving, brain storming, puzzles, role-play so that volunteers can able to enhance their present level of skills. Thus, trainer will have to conduct interactive learning session and group work opportunities in order to identify present level of knowledge and skills of the volunteers. On the other hand, volunteers will have to be very open-minded to go through all the implemented tests and procedures with a positive mind set. The next step of the implemented planning process will have to focus on reviewing of the performance level of the volunteers. For that reason, trainer will have to focus on observing the performance level of each volunteer during the training process. As per the article by Khan et al. (2016), observing the performance level at the time of training process is crucial o enhance the quality of the provided training procedure. For that reason, trainer of New2U Thrift Shop will focus on the effective utilization of different strategies like self-analysis, paired discussion, feedback from others, coaching, observing activities, etc. that eventually will allow the trainer to identify the prime areas of improvement. Finally, the implemented training procedure will focus on concluding the implemented training program effectively. For that reason, trainer will focus on utilizing theorist learning style where trainer will implement several types of theories, models, quotes, statistics, and background information that will eventually add value to the implemented training procedure (Fletcher and Robinson 2015). The conclusion step will also focus on the identification of the areas where volunteers will have to focus for the future development. Delivery: As per the article by Tarique (2014), selection of the delivery method is crucial for the successful utilization of training. Different organizations utilize different delivery technique based on the requirements of the organization. The prime three training delivery methods are the lecture method, the discussion method and simulation method that most often utilize in several organizational platforms. The lecture method reflects the most basic way of implementing training procedure where trainer will provide lecture to the fellow audience. This particular strategy is very popular where trainer has to develop basic idea about several things of the organization. Generally, lecture method is utilized in formal venue where the entire training procedure is based on the effective utilization of one-way communication technique (Barrett et al. 2015). For that reason, proper utilization lecture method requires superior knowledge and skill level from the trainer. On the other hand, discussion method focuses on two-way communication strategies between trainers and trainees. Unlike lecture method that is primarily dependent on the quality of trainers, the discussion method allows trainees to involve in the training process actively. Therefore, it often helps organization to fulfil prime objective of implementing training and development session. It also allows everyone associated with the training program to provide inputs regarding a particular subject. Finally, stimulation method focuses on the minimum utilization of debates, discussions and interactions. In fact, it tries to provide each trainee a simulation where everyone has to perform expected responsibilities. As per the article by Ahmad, Johnson and Storer (2015) simulation can be of different forms like games, quiz, and real life activities. Therefore, it is up to the trainer regarding the selection of effective simulation process. However, the focus organization will try to utilize discussion method, as it will h elp to engage all the volunteers in an effective manner (Bolhuis, Schildkamp and Voogt 2016). Furthermore, discussion method will help trainer to evaluate the present level of knowledge and skills of the volunteers, which eventually will create positive impact on the effective fulfilment of the organizational responsibilities. Evaluation: For the effective utilization of the evaluation technique, the focus organization will consider Kirkpatrick's (1960) model that has been regarded as the most popular evaluation model of the implemented training program. As per the article by Senna et al. (2013) Kirkpatrick's model has the capability of adding value to the implemented formal or informal training procedure. It utilizes four levels of measures that allows trainer to cover all possible areas regarding the assessment of effectiveness of the implemented training procedure. The four principles of the model including reaction, learning, behaviour and results will also allow organization to identify the future scope for the effective implementation of the training program. The first principle, reaction focuses on the effective evaluation of the degree to which training program is favourable to the volunteers (Lee and Sidhu 2013). Furthermore, it will also allow trainer to identify regarding the degree to which the implemented training program has able to capture the attention and engagement level of the trainees. Thus, it will also provide an idea regarding the best possible way to utilize training program so that it can able to create desired amount of impact on the fulfilment of the organizational objectives. In the second level, the prime focus will be on the effective evaluation of the learning pattern of the volunteers at the time of training process. Thus, it reflects the degree to which volunteers has able to acquire the intended skills, knowledge, attitude, commitment and confidence from the training program. It also helped to evaluate the attitude level of volunteers in gathering new information or skills that is essential for fulfilling all the responsibilities effectively. In this level the focus will also be on the effective evaluation of the past and present level of knowledge of the volunteers, which will indicate the kind of impact training program has able to create on the mind of the vo lunteers. The third step will focus on the evaluation of the degree to which volunteers able to apply what they have learned in the training session. This is very important, as it will help to evaluate the actual outcome of the implemented training program (Adeoye 2012). Finally, Kirkpatrick's model has focuses on the evaluation of the results of the training program. In the result, the prime focus will be on the effective evaluation of the overall impact that training program has able to create for the successful completion of the organizational responsibilities. Thus, it can be mentioned that with the effective utilization of the Kirkpatrick's model, the focus organization will able to evaluate all possible aspect of the training program in an effective way. Conclusion: The above discussion highlights the fact that effective utilization of the training program is necessary for utilizing all the volunteers towards the fulfilment of the organizational responsibilities. Specifically, as volunteers do not have any financial benefits from the organization, it is essential that they can have effective amount of support for the development of effective career. 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